Earth: The Operators‘ Manual, 2011 version, program 1

I really wonder when we will have flying hydrogen cars… and trucks… it is doable. The question is – will the monetary system support it or not.

Program 1 in the Earth: The Operators‘ Manual mini-series, hosted by award-winning Geoscientist, Richard Alley. Explains the essential science of climate change, and the promise of renewable energy to provide for humans‘ need for energy. Introduces unusual suspects in the discussion of global warming, the US Pentagon and wind farmers in West Texas.

„The Pentagon (US Military) uses 300.000 Barrels of Oil each day x > 12 Million Gallons (45360000 Liter) per DAY.

An armored Humwee 4 Miles per Gallon (3.78L)

Abrahams Battle Tank 4 Gallons per 1 Mile (15.12L), 400USD per Gallon to get Gas to remote bases in Afghanistan.“

about: Richard Alley

Evan Pugh Professor
Ph.D., Wisconsin-Madison, 1987
Research Interests

Glaciology
Ice and Climate
Sea Level Change
Abrupt Climate Change

Contact:

Richard Alley
Department of Geosciences
Penn State
517B Deike Building
University Park, PA 16802

814-863-1700
rba6@psu.edu

 

Curriculum Vitae

he was showered with almost every price you could imagine 😀

Richard B. Alley
Evan Pugh University
Professor of Geosciences Department of Geosciences, and Earth and Environmental Systems Institute College of Earth and Mineral Sciences (EMS), The Pennsylvania State University 517 Deike Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
ph. 814-863-1700, fax 814-863-7823, email rba6@psu.edu

Selected indicators:

Recipient of Prominent Awards for Teaching, for Research, and for Service. Member, U.S. National Academy of Sciences,
and For eign Member, Royal Society.
Heinz Award; Tyler Prize;
BBVA Frontiers of Science Award, Seligman Crystal of the International Glaciological Society;
Arthur L. Day Prize and Lectureship US National Academy of Sciences;
Revelle Medal and Fellowship in
American Geophysical Union, and recipient of their Horton Award (Hydrology Section), and Emiliani Lecturer (Paleo.
Section), Nye Lecturer (Cryospheric Sciences Section) and Bjerknes Lecturer (Atmospheric Sciences Section); Louis
Agassiz Medal (Cryospheric Section) of the European Geosciences Union;
Schneider Award for Science Communication;
Public Service Award and Fellowship in the Geological Society of America, and the Easterbrook
Award of their Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology Section;
American Geological
Institute Award For
Outstanding Contribution To Public Understanding of the Geosciences;
Pennsylvania Geographical Society
Distinguished Geographer Award; Renewable Natural Resources Foundation Sustained Achievement Award;
Friend of
the Planet Award of Na
tional Center for Science Education,
Fellow in American Association for the Advancement of
Science
and their Public Engagement with Science Award
, and
Fellow in
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
,
Doctor of Science
Honoris Causa
University of Chicago,
Doctor of Science
Honoris Causa
University of Wisconsin
,
Doctor of Humane Letters
Honoris Causa
Albion College
, US News and World Reports STEM Hall of Fame.
Evan Pugh
University
Professorship and Faculty Scholar Medal of the Pennsylvania State Universi
ty, recipient of the
highest University
–
wide teaching award (the Eisenhower Award) and the College of Earth and Mineral Sciences
Wilson Teaching Award, Mitchell Innovative Teaching Award and Faculty Mentoring Award.
D.&L. Packard Fellowship, Presidential
Young Investigator Award, and G. Comer Mentorship.
‘Capstone’ publications include: Author of
Earth: The Operators’ Manual
, 2011, Norton, which informed the three
–
hour PBS TV series for which I was
P
resenter
and Science Editor
,
Earth: The Operators’ Manual, Powering the
Planet, and Energy Quest USA
(2011, 2012). Also author of
The Two
–
Mile Time Machine: Ice Cores, Abrupt Climate
Change, and Our Future
, Princeton University Press, 2000 (winner of national Phi Beta Kappa Science b
ook award
and a 2001 Choice Award winner, released in paperback 2002, translated into Japanese and Spanish); Alley, R.B. and
R.A. Bindschadler, eds.,
The West Antarctic Ice Sheet: Behavior and Environment
, American Geophysical Union,
Antarctic Research Ser
ies v. 77, 2001; and chair, National Research Council Panel on Abrupt Climate Change, which
produced
Abrupt Climate Change: Inevitable Surprises
, National Academy Press, 2002. Also
The Fate of Greenland
(P. Conkling, R. Alley, G. Denton and W. Broecker; M
IT Press) (
2011 American Publishers Awards for Professional
and Scholarly Excellence
—
PROSE Award
—
in Earth Science
, and Phi Beta Kappa Science award
)
.
Planet Ice: A
Climate for Change
, photography by James Martin, text by Chouinard, Y., Cassasa, G., Alley,
R., Stirling, I., Jans, N.,
Coburn, B. and Ehrlich, G., 2009, Braided River (Mountaineers Books), Seattle, WA, received the Independent
Publisher Book Awards ‘‘Most Likely to Save the Planet’’ Award, 2010, and the Atmospheric Librarians International
Choic
e Award 2009.
Invited presentations/testimony to US government officials in multiple administrations including US Vice President,
President’s Science Advisor, two Senate and five House Committees, various senators and representatives (and a
Senator of F
rance), travel to Greenland as a speaker and expert with 10% of U.S. Senate, informal briefing of a larger
group of senators, and briefings of additional cabinet
–
level officials.
Inquiries from the press averaging daily; appeared frequently on television
(BBC, Nova, etc.), radio (NPR, etc.), print
(NYTimes, etc.); arguably one of the most active voices in translation of Earth sciences to the popular press.
Formal reviews (papers, promotions, etc.) averaging 2/week; well over 1000 since 1994.
Over 2
5
0
ref
ereed publications (and over 60 additional publications including books and popularizations), most first
–
authored by me or advisees; listed as a “Highly Cited’’ researcher by ISI’s Web of Science (h=
6
6
, and
well
over
1
5
,000
indexed citations,
well over
1
7
,
000
in a Cited Reference Search).
Main research contributions
(personal, with students and post
–
docs):
Provided key data and interpretations helping demonstrate that regional to global climate changes larger than any
experienced by agricultural or indus
trial humans have occurred repeatedly, in decades to as little as a single year;
helped reveal mechanisms and possibility of recurrence;
Through data analysis and modeling of ice sheets and glaciers, helped understand ice
–
bed interactions with implication
s
for flow changes affecting sea level, and for interpretation of geological records, climatic changes and mountain
–
belt
evolution;
Contributed extensively to the toolbox for measurement of ice
–
core properties, and accurate and confident conversion
to wel
l
–
dated histories of temperature, accumulation rate, and other paleoclimatic variables.
Experience:
Ph.D., 1987, University of Wisconsin (Geology, Minor Materials Science); M.Sc. 1983, B.Sc. 1989 (With Honors,
With Distinction,
Summa cum Laude
), Ohio S
tate University (Geology and Mineralogy). Assistant Scientist, University
of Wisconsin, 1987
–
1988; Assistant Professor (1988
–
1992), Associate Professor (1992
–
1994), Professor (1994
–
2000)
and Evan Pugh Professor (2000
–
), Department of Geosciences, Pennsylva
nia State University.
Field Experience:
Three field seasons in Antarctica (geology 1978, glaciology 1984, 1985); eight in Greenland (glaciology 1985, 1989
–
1992; glacial geology 2003 and twice in 2005), three in Alaska (glaciology 1995, 2000, 2002), two
in Utah (geology
1979, 1981); one in Wyoming (glacial geology, 2008); much work (many months in total) in National Ice Core
Laboratory, Denver.
Service:
Extensive ongoing or past service at numerous levels, including international (participant in Nobe
l
–
Peace
–
Prize
–
winning IPCC process on climate change including lead author of the cryospheric chapter and writing team of the
Summary for Policymakers and Technical Summary for Working Group I of the Fourth Assessment, as well as
participating in Second an
d Third Assessments; wrote statement based on IPCC used in final document from UN
COP16 Climate Change Conference report from Cancun, Mexico
), US Government (advice to officials in NOAA,
NSF, EPA, CCSP, State Department, etc.; wrote blurb on Antarctic rese
arch used by US President in a speech; advice
to US Vice President, President’s Science Advisor, and to Senators, etc.), National Research Council (chaired
Committee on Abrupt Climate Change, served on Polar Research Board, Committee on Environment and Nat
ional
Security, Revelle Lecturer of Ocean Studies Board, chaired committee on redesign of climate
–
change museum exhibit,
etc.), served or serving various research organizations (national and international, including past service to Board of
Arctic Consorti
um of the US, chair of Ice Core Working Group, steering committee of West Antarctic Ice Sheet
project, vice president of International Glaciological Society), and university (member or chair of many committees at
departmental, college, and university level
s). Presenting ~50 public lectures per year
(87 in peak year)
.
Teaching and Advising:
Average >3 courses/year while at Penn State.
Typically 6 out of 7 on Student Rating of Teaching Effectiveness; University
–
wide Eisenhower Teaching Award, and
both
Wilson and Mitchell Teaching Awards of my college, co
–
lead professor for CAUSE class trip to US southwestern
national parks; efforts highlighted in University President’s State of the University message in 2006 and used in many
other ways including for new
–
student and new
–
faculty orientations; film on the trip won a regional Emmy Award.
Numerous senior theses; one senior thesis student won at National Undergraduate Research Conference, two published
their theses, one won the Dean Steidle Scholar Award and
a Fulbright Fellowship.
Former advisees at various levels now on faculties at University of California Berkeley, University of
Washington
,
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, University of Maryland,
Temple University,
University of New Mexico, Lake
Superior State U
niversity, Northern Illinois University, New Mexico Tech, University of Utah,
Tulane University,
and
Pennsylvania State University (at both University Park and Dubois campuses); others working for industry and
government.
Wrote targeted textbooks for the introductory course
s I teach; now provided to students free of additional charge (may
have “given away” more than $1 million in textbooks)
; chosen as a “Textbook Hero” by Penn State Undergraduate
Student Government
.
PUBLICATIONS.
(2
60
refereed contributions published or i
n press, in journals or books)
1.
Articles Published in Refereed Journals.
Authors supervised by Alley are
underlined
; S. Anandakrishnan also was
a post
–
doctoral fellow with Alley but quickly advanced to professorship at Penn State, and is not underlined.
(
2
30
articles published)
1. Alley, R.B., J.F. Bolzan and I.M. Whillans. 1982. Polar firn densification and grain growth.
Annals of Glaciology
3
,
7
–
11.
2. Alley, R.B. and I.M. Whillans. 1984. Response of the East Antarctic ice sheet to sea
–
level rise.
Journal of
Geophysical Research
89
C: 6487
–
6493.
3. Jezek, K.C., R.B. Alley and R.H. Thomas. 1985. Rheology of glacier ice.
Science
227
(4692): 1335
–
1337.
4. Alley, R.B., J.H. Perepezko and C.R. Bentley.
1986.
Grain growth in polar ice: I. Theory.
Journa
l of Glaciology
32
,
415
–
424.
5. Alley, R.B., J.H. Perepezko and C.R. Bentley. 1986. Grain growth in polar ice: II. Application.
Journal of
Glaciology
32
, 425
–
433.
6. Alley, R.B., D.D. Blankenship, C.R. Bentley and S.T. Rooney. 1986. Deformation of till
beneath ice stream B, West
Antarctica.
Nature
322
, 57
–
59.
7. Blankenship, D.D., C.R. Bentley, S.T. Rooney and R.B. Alley. 1986. Seismic measurements reveal a saturated,
porous layer beneath an active Antarctic ice stream.
Nature
322
, 54
–
57.
8. Alley, R.B. Three
–
dimensional coordination number from two
–
dimensional measurements: a new method.
Journal of
Glaciology
32
, 391
–
396.
9. Alley, R.B., D.D. Blankenship, C.R. Bentley and S.T. Rooney. 1987. Till beneath ice stream B. 3. Till deformation:
evidence and implications.
Journal of Geophysical Research
92
B: 8921
–
8930.
10. Alley, R.B., D.D. Blankenship, S.T. Rooney and C.R. Bentley. 1987. Till beneath ice stream B. 4. A coupled ice
–
till
flow model.
Journal of Geophysical Research
92
B: 8931
–
8940.
11. Blankenship, D.D., C.R. Bentley, S.T. Rooney and R.B. Alley. 1987. Till beneath ice stream B. 1. Properties
derived from seismic travel times.
Journal of Geophysical Research
92
B: 8903
–
8912.
12. Rooney, S.T., D.D. Blankenship, R.B. Alley and C.R.
Bentley. 1987. Till beneath ice stream B. 2. Structure and
continuity.
Journal of Geophysical Research
92
B, 8913
–
8920.
13. Alley, R.B. 1987. Firn densification by grain
–
boundary sliding: a first model.
Journal de Physique
48
(C1), 249
–
254.
14. Alley, R.B
. 1987. Geometry of polar firn for remote sensing.
Annals of Glaciology
9
, 1
–
4.
15. Bentley, C.R., S. Shabtaie, D.D. Blankenship, S.T. Rooney, D.G. Schultz, S. Anandakrishnan and R.B. Alley. 1987.
Remote sensing of the Ross ice streams and adjacent Ross
Ice Shelf, Antarctica.
Annals of Glaciology
9
, 20
–
29.
16. Alley, R.B. 1988. Concerning the deposition and diagenesis of strata in polar firn.
Journal of Glaciology
34
, 283
–
290.
17. Alley, R.B. 1988. Fabrics in polar ice sheets: development and predictio
n.
Science
240
, 493
–
495.
18. Alley, R.B. and C.R. Bentley. 1988. Ice
–
core analysis on the Siple Coast of West Antarctica.
Annals of Glaciology
11
, 1
–
7.
19. Alley, R.B. and B.R. Koci. 1988. Ice
–
core analysis at site A, Greenland: preliminary results.
Ann
als of Glaciology
10
, 1
–
4.
20. Alley, R.B., J.H. Perepezko and C.R. Bentley. 1988. Long
–
term climate changes from crystal growth (Comment).
Nature
332
, 592
–
593.
21. Jezek, K.C. and R.B. Alley. 1988. Effect of stratigraphy on radar altimetry data over ice sheets.
Annals of
Glaciology
11
, 60
–
63.
22. Alley, R.B. 1989. Water
–
pressure coupling of sliding and bed deformation: I. Water system.
Journal of Glaciology
35
,
108
–
118.
23. Alley, R.B. 1989. Water
–
pressure coupling of sliding and bed deformation: II. Velocity
–
depth profile.
Journal of
Glaciology
35
, 119
–
129.
24. Alley, R.B., D.D. Blankenship, S.T. Rooney and C.R. Bentley. 1989. Sedimentation beneath ice shelve
s: the view
from ice stream B.
Marine Geology
85
, 101
–
120.
25. Alley, R.B., D.D. Blankenship, S.T. Rooney and C.R. Bentley. 1989. Water
–
pressure coupling of sliding and bed
deformation: III. Application to ice stream B.
Journal of Glaciology
35
, 130
–
139.
26. Alley, R.B. 1990. Multiple steady states in ice
–
water
–
till systems.
Annals of Glaciology
14
, 1
–
5.
27. Alley, R.B. and B.R. Koci. 1990. Recent warming in central Greenland?
Annals of Glaciology
14
, 6
–
8.
28. Alley, R.B., E.S. Saltzman,
K.M. Cuffey
and J.J. Fitzpatrick. 1990. Summertime origin of depth hoar in the
Greenland ice sheet, GISP2 Summit site.
Geophysical Research Letters
17
, 2393
–
2396.
29. Grootes, P.M., M. Stuiver, T.L. Saling, P.A. Mayewski, M.J. Spencer, R.B. Alley, and D. Jenssen. 19
90. Oxygen
isotope records of the last millenium from the Ross Sea area, Antarctica.
Annals of Glaciology
14
, 94
–
98.
30. Alley, R.B. 1991. Deforming
–
bed origin for southern Laurentide till sheets?
Journal of Glaciology
37
(125), 67
–
76.
31. Alley, R.B. an
d I.M. Whillans. 1991. Changes in the West Antarctic ice sheet.
Science
254
, 959
–
963.
32. Alley, R.B. 1991. Sedimentary processes may cause fluctuations of tidewater glaciers.
Annals of Glaciology
15
,
119
–
124.
33. Alley, R.B. 1992. Flow
–
law hypotheses f
or ice
–
sheet modeling.
Journal of Glaciology
38
, 245
–
256.
34.
Cuffey, K.M.
, R.B. Alley, P.M. Grootes, and S. Anandakrishnan. 1992. Toward using borehole temperatures to
calibrate an isotopic paleothermometer in central Greenland.
Global and Planetary Cha
nge
6
(2
–
4)
, 265
–
268.
35. Alley, R.B. 1992. How can low
–
pressure channels and deforming tills coexist subglacially?
Journal of Glaciology
38
, 200
–
207.
36. Taylor, K., R. Alley, J. Fiacco, P. Grootes, G. Lamorey, P. Mayewski and M.J. Spencer. 1992. Ice
–
core dating and
chemistry by direct
–
current electrical conductivity.
Journal of Glaciology
38
(130), 325
–
332.
37. Taylor, K.C., G.W. Lamorey, G.A. Doyle,
R.B. Alley, P.M. Grootes, P.A. Mayewski, J.W.C. White and L.K.
Barlow. 1993. The ‘flickering switch’ of late Pleistocene climate change.
Nature
361
, 432
–
436.
38. Alley, R.B. 1993. In search of ice
–
stream sticky spots.
Journal of Glaciology
39
(133),
447
–
454.
39. Alley, R.B., D.A. Meese,
C.A. Shuman
, A.J. Gow, K.C. Taylor, P.M. Grootes, J.W.C. White, M. Ram, E.D.
Waddington, P.A. Mayewski and G.A. Zielinski. 1993. Abrupt increase in snow accumulation at the end of the
Younger Dryas event.
Nature
362
,
527
–
529.
40. Anandakrishnan, S., R.B. Alley and E.D. Waddington. 1993. Sensitivity of ice
–
divide position in Greenland to
climate change.
Geophysical Research Letters
21
(6), 441
–
444.
41. Mayewski, P.A., L.D. Meeker, S. Whitlow, M.S. Twickler, M.C. Morr
ison, R.B. Alley, P. Bloomfield and K.
Taylor. 1993. The atmosphere during the Younger Dryas.
Science
261
, 195
–
197.
42.
Shuman, C.A
. and R.B. Alley. 1993. Spatial and temporal characterization of hoar formation in central Greenland
using SSM/I brightness
temperatures.
Geophysical Research Letters
20
(23), 2643
–
2646.
43.
Shuman, C.A
., R.B. Alley and S. Anandakrishnan. 1993. Characterization of a hoar
–
development episode using
SSM/I brightness temperatures in the vicinity of the GISP2 site, Greenland.
Anna
ls of Glaciology
17
, 183
–
188.
44. Taylor, K.C., C.U. Hammer, R.B. Alley, H.B. Clausen, D. Dahl
–
Jensen, A.J. Gow, N.S. Gundestrup, J. Kipfstuhl,
J.C. Moore and E.D. Waddington. 1993. Electrical conductivity measurements from the GISP2 and GRIP Greenland
ic
e cores.
Nature
366
(6455), 549
–
552.
45. Alley, R.B. and D.R. MacAyeal. 1994. Ice
–
rafted debris associated with binge/purge oscillations of the Laurentide
ice sheet.
Paleoceanography
9
(4), 503
–
511.
46. Alley, R.B., S. Anandakrishnan, C.R. Bentley and N.
Lord. 1994. A water
–
piracy hypothesis for the stagnation of
ice stream C.
Annals of Glaciology
20
, 187
–
194.
47. Anandakrishnan, S. and R.B. Alley. 1994. Ice stream C sticky spots detected by microearthquake monitoring.
Annals of Glaciology
20
, 183
–
186.
48. Anandakrishnan, S., J.J. Fitzpatrick, R.B. Alley, A.J. Gow and D.A. Meese. 1994. Shear
–
wave detection of
asymmetric c
–
axis fabrics in the GISP2 ice core.
Journal of Glaciology
40
(136), 491
–
496.
49.
Cuffey, K.M
., R.B. Alley, P.M. Grootes, J.F. Bolzan
and S. Anandakrishnan. 1994. Calibration of the d
18
O isotopic
paleothermometer for central Greenland, using borehole temperatures.
Journal of Glaciology
40
(135), 341
–
349.
50. Mayewski, P.A., L.D. Meeker, S. Whitlow, M.S. Twickler, M.C. Morrison, P. Bloom
field, G.C. Bond, R.B. Alley,
A.J. Gow, P.M. Grootes, D.A. Meese, M. Ram, K.C. Taylor and W. Wumkes. 1994. Changes in atmospheric
circulation and ocean ice cover over the North Atlantic during the last 41,000 years.
Science
263
(5154), 1747
–
1751.
51. Zielinski, G.A., P.A. Mayewski, L.D. Meeker, S. Whitlow, M.S. Twickler, M. Morrison, D.A. Meese, A.J. Gow
and R.B. Alley. 1994. Record of volcanism since 7000 B.C. from the GISP2 Greenland ice core and implications for
the volcano
–
climate system.
Scien
ce
264
, 948
–
950.
52. Alley, R.B., A.J. Gow and D.A. Meese. 1995. Mapping c
–
axis fabrics to study physical processes in ice.
Journal of
Glaciology
41
(137), 197
–
203.
53. Alley, R.B. and S. Anandakrishnan. 1995. Variations in melt
–
layer frequency in the G
ISP2 ice core: implications
for Holocene summer temperatures in central Greenland.
Annals of Glaciology
21
, 64
–
70.
54. Alley, R.B., R.C. Finkel, K. Nishiizumi, S. Anandakrishnan,
C.A. Shuman
, G.R. Mershon, G.A. Zielinski and P.A.
Mayewski. 1995. Changes in continental and sea
–
salt atmospheric loadings in central Greenland during the most recent
deglaciation.
Journal of Glaciology
41(
139), 503
–
514.
55. Alley, R.B., A.J. Gow, S.J. Johnsen, J.
Kipfstuhl, D.A. Meese and Th. Thorsteinsson. 1995. Comparison of deep ice
cores.
Nature
373
(6513), 393
–
394.
56. Bolzan, J.F., E.D. Waddington, R.B. Alley and D.A. Meese. 1995. Constraints on Holocene ice
–
thickness changes
in central Greenland from the G
ISP2 ice
–
core data.
Annals of Glaciology
21
, 33
–
39.
57.
Cuffey, K.M.
, G.D. Clow, R.B. Alley, M. Stuiver, E.D. Waddington and R.W. Saltus. 1995. Large Arctic
temperature change at the glacial
–
Holocene transition.
Science
270
, 455
–
458.
58. Cutler, N.N.,
C.F. Raymond, E.D. Waddington, D.A. Meese and R.B. Alley. 1995. The effect of ice
–
sheet thickness
changes on the accumulation history inferred from GISP2 layer thicknesses.
Annals of Glaciology
21
, 26
–
32.
59.
Fischer, M.P
., R.B. Alley and T. Engelder. 19
95. Fracture toughness of ice and firn determined from the modified
ring test.
Journal of Glaciology
41
(138), 383
–
394.
60.
Kapsner, W.R.
, R.B. Alley,
C.A. Shuman
, S. Anandakrishnan and P.M. Grootes. 1995. Dominant control of
atmospheric circulation on sn
ow accumulation in central Greenland.
Nature
373
, 52
–
54.
61.
Shuman, C.A.
, R.B. Alley, S. Anandakrishnan and C.R. Stearns. 1995. An empirical technique for estimating near
–
surface air temperatures in central Greenland from SSM/I brightness temperatures.
Remote Sensing of the Environment
51
, 245
–
252.
62.
Shuman, C.A
., R.B. Alley, S. Anandakrishnan, J.W.C. White, P.M. Grootes and C.R. Stearns. 1995. Temperature
and accumulation at the Greenland Summit: comparison of high
–
resolution isotope profiles and sat
ellite passive
microwave brightness temperature trends.
Journal of Geophysical Research
100
(D5), 9165
–
9177.
63. Alley, R.B. 1996. Towards a hydrological model for computerized ice
–
sheet simulations.
Hydrologic Processes
10
,
649
–
660. Reprinted in Sharp, M
., K.S. Richards and M. Tranter, eds.,
Glacier Hydrology and Hydrochemistry
, Wiley
and Sons, NY, 1998, p. 329
–
340.
64. Alley, R.B. and
G.W. Woods
. 1996. Impurity influence on normal grain growth in the GISP2 ice core.
Journal of
Glaciology
42
(141), 255
–
26
0.
65. Clark, P.U., R.B. Alley, L.D. Keigwin, J.M. Licciardi, S.J. Johnsen and H. Wang. 1996. Origin of the first global
meltwater pulse following the last glacial maximum.
Paleoceanography
11
(5), 563
–
577.
66.
Cuffey, K.M
. and R.B. Alley. 1996. Erosion by deforming subglacial sediments: Is it significant? (Toward Till
Continuity).
Annals of Glaciology
22
, 126
–
133.
67.
Fischer, M.P
., D. Elsworth, R.B. Alley and T. Engelder. 1996. Finite element analysis of the modified ri
ng test for
determining mode I fracture toughness.
International Journal of Rock Mechanics
33
(1), 1
–
15.
68.
Shuman, C.A
., M.A. Fahnestock, R.A. Bindschadler, R.B. Alley and C.R. Stearns. 1996. Composite temperature
record from the Greenland summit, 1987
–
1994: Synthesis of multiple automatic weather station records and SSM/I
brightness temperatures.
Journal of Climate
9
(6),
1421
–
1428.
69. Strasser, J.C., D.E. Lawson, G.J. Larson, E.B. Evenson and R.B. Alley. 1996. Preliminary results of tritium
analyses in basal ice, Matanuska Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A.: evidence for subglacial ice accretion.
Annals of Glaciology
22
, 126
–
133.
70. Alley, R.B.,
K.M. Cuffey
, E.B. Evenson, J.C. Strasser, D.E. Lawson and G.J. Larson. 1997. How Glaciers Entrain
and Transport Basal Sediment: Physical Constraints.
Quaternary Science Reviews
16
, 1017
–
1038.
71. Alley, R.B., P.A. Mayewski, T. Sowers,
M. Stuiver, K.C. Taylor and P.U. Clark. 1997. Holocene climatic
instability: A prominent, widespread event 8200 years ago.
Geology
25
(6), 483
–
486.
72. Alley, R.B., A.J. Gow, D.A. Meese, J.J. Fitzpatrick, E.D. Waddington and J.F. Bolzan. 1997. Grain
–
scal
e processes,
folding, and stratigraphic disturbance in the GISP2 ice core.
Journal of Geophysical Research
102
(C12), 26,819
–
26,830.
73. Alley, R.B.,
C.A. Shuman
, D.A. Meese, A.J. Gow, K.C. Taylor,
K.M. Cuffey
, J.J. Fitzpatrick, P.M. Grootes, G.A.
Zielins
ki, M. Ram,
G. Spinelli
and B. Elder. 1997. Visual
–
stratigraphic dating of the GISP2 ice core: basis,
reproducibility, and application.
Journal of Geophysical Research
102
(C12), 26,367
–
26,381.
74. Anandakrishnan, S. and R.B. Alley. 1997. Stagnation of ice
stream C, West Antarctica by water piracy.
Geophysical Research Letters
24
(3), 265
–
268.
75. Anandakrishnan, S. and R.B. Alley. 1997. Tidal forcing of basal seismicity of ice stream C, West Antarctica,
observed far inland.
Journal of Geophysical Research
102
(B7), 15183
–
15196.
76. Dahl
–
Jensen, D.J. T. Thorsteinsson, R. Alley and H. Shoji. 1997. Flow properties of the ice from the Greenland Ice
Core Project ice core: The reason for folds?
Journal of Geophysical Research
102
(C12), 26,831
–
26,840.
Fall,
2011, Geosc 597, Physics of Ice Cores
Fall, 2011, Geosc 10 (
~
1100 students)
Spring, 2012, Geosc 320, Geology of Climate Change
Spring, 2012, Geosc 10 (
~
1100 students)
Fall, 2012, Geosc10 (~1100 students)
Fall, 2012, Geosc 597, Ice and Climate
Spring, 2013,
Geosc 320, Geology of Climate Change
Spring, 2013,
Geosc 561 (with J. Kasting), Mathematical Modeling in Geosciences
Fall, 2013, Geosc10 (~1100 students)
Fall, 2013, EmSc 100S (first
–
year seminar)
Spring, 2014, Geosc 320, Geology of Climate Change
Spring,
2014, Energy, Environment, and Our Future, Penn State Coursera MOOC
ADDITIONAL OUTREACH ACTIVITIES
. Providing information to the press, government officials, and other
groups and individuals takes much time. I have approximately daily press contacts,
daily or more
–
frequent replies to
requests for information from other sources, weekly public presentations, and weekly or more
–
frequent reviews.